JavaScript
JavaScript (JS) is a programming language and core technology of the Web, alongside HTML and CSS. Created by Brendan Eich in 1995, it is maintained by Ecma International's TC39 technical committee, with related Web APIs maintained by W3C and WHATWG. As of 2025, JavaScript is the most widely used programming language on GitHub., however, TypeScript, which is a version of JavaScript that is strict about types and is statically typed, overtook JavaScript on Github by August 2025. Wikipedia
Created Year: 1995Designed by: Sun Microsystems
Named after: Java
File extensions: js, mjs
Wikidata: Q2005
Influenced: ActionScript • asm.js • Ballerina • BeanShell • Chaos • CoffeeScript • Curl • Dart • FJAX • Gleam • Google Apps Script • JS++ • JScript • Kinetic Rule Language • Kotlin • LiveScript • Monkey X • Pascal Script • PHP • QML • ReScript • Squirrel • TypeScript • Zig
Influenced by: AWK • C • HyperTalk • Java • LiveScript • Lua • Perl • Python • Scheme • Self
Programming paradigms: functional programming • generic programming • aspect-oriented programming • prototype-based programming • event-driven programming • imperative programming
Language types: prototype-based programming language • functional programming language • strict programming language • multi-paradigm programming language • high-level programming language • event-driven programming language • imperative programming language • interpreted language • scripting language
JavaScript Influence Network
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Hello World in JavaScript
console.log("Hello World");
Free JavaScript books, articles, documentation
- 30 Days of JavaScript - Asabeneh Yetayeh (HTML, PDF)
- Airbnb JavaScript Style Guide - Airbnb (HTML)
- Basic JavaScript for the impatient programmer - Axel Rauschmayer (HTML)
- Bible of JS - Harsh Sharma, Sheryians Coding School (PDF)
- Book of Modern Frontend Tooling - Various (HTML) (CC BY-NC)
- Building Front-End Web Apps with Plain JavaScript - Gerd Wagner (HTML, PDF)
- Clean Code JavaScript - Ryan McDermott (HTML)
- Crockford's JavaScript - Douglas Crockford (HTML)
- Deep JavaScript: Theory and techniques - Axel Rauschmayer (HTML)
- Designing Scalable JavaScript Applications - Emmit Scott (PDF, livebook)
- Dev Docs - Various (HTML)
- DOM Enlightenment - Cody Linley (HTML)
- Eloquent JavaScript 4th edition - Marijn Haverbeke (HTML, PDF, EPUB, MOBI) (CC BY-NC)
- Essential Javascript - Krzysztof Kowalczyk, StackOverflow Contributors (HTML)
- Exploring ES6 - Axel Rauschmayer (HTML)
- Functional-Light JavaScript - Kyle Simpson (HTML)
- Google JavaScript Style Guide - Aaron Whyte, Bob Jervis, Dan Pupius, Erik Arvidsson, Fritz Schneider, Robby Walker (HTML)
- Human JavaScript - Henrik Joreteg (HTML)
- JavaScript (ES2015+) Enlightenment - Cody Lindley (HTML)
- JavaScript Allongé - Reginald Braithwaite (HTML)
- JavaScript Bible - Danny Goodman (PDF)
- JavaScript Challenges Book - Tomás Corral Casas (HTML)
- JavaScript ES6 and beyond - Alberto Montalesi (PDF, EPUB)
- JavaScript For Beginners - Microsoft (HTML)
- JavaScript For Cats - Maxwell Ogden (HTML)
- JavaScript for Data Science - Maya Gans, Toby Hodges, Greg Wilson (HTML)
- JavaScript for Impatient Programmers (ES2020 edition) - Axel Rauschmayer (HTML)
- JavaScript for Impatient Programmers (ES2022 edition) - Axel Rauschmayer (HTML)
- JavaScript from ES5 to ESNext - Flavio Copes (PDF, EPUB, Kindle) (email address requested)
- JavaScript Fundamentals, Plus a Dash Of JQuery - for dinner ladies (HTML)
- JavaScript Handbook - Flavio Copes (HTML, PDF)
- JavaScript Interview #35 - Coderslang Master (PDF, email address requested, not required)
- JavaScript Notes for Professionals - Compiled from StackOverflow documentation (PDF)
- JavaScript Patterns Collection - Shi Chuan (HTML)
- JavaScript Spessore - Reginald Braithwaite (HTML) ( :card_file_box: archived)
- JavaScript Succinctly - Cody Lindley (PDF, Kindle; email address requested, not required)
- JavaScript the Right Way - William Oliveira, Allan Esquina (HTML)
- Javascript Tutorial (HTML)
- JavaScript Wikibook - Wikibooks (HTML, PDF)
- JavaScript with Classes - Diogo Eichert (EPUB)
- JS Robots - Mark Daggett (PDF) ( :card_file_box: archived)
- Leaflet Tips and Tricks: Interactive Maps Made Easy - Malcolm Maclean (HTML)
- Learn JavaScript - Suman Kumar, Github Contributors (HTML, PDF)
- Learning JavaScript Design Patterns - Addy Osmani (HTML)
- Let's Learn ES6 - Ryan Christiani (Superbook format)
- Managing Space and Time with JavaScript - Book 1: The Basics - Noel Rappin (dead link)
- Modern JavaScript - Daniel Rubio (HTML)
- Mozilla Developer Network's JavaScript Guide - Mozilla Developer Network contributors (HTML)
- MythBusters JS - Kiko Beats (HTML)
- Neural Networks with JavaScript Succinctly - James McCaffrey (PDF, EPUB, MOBI)
- Oh My JS - Azat Mardanov (HTML) ( :card_file_box: archived)
- Patterns For Large-Scale JavaScript Application Architecture - Addy Osmani (HTML)
- Patterns.dev - Lydia Hallie, Addy Osmani (HTML)
- Practical Modern JavaScript - Nicolas Bevacqua (HTML)
- Professor Frisby’s Mostly Adequate Guide to Functional Programming - Brian Lonsdorf (HTML)
- Robust Client-Side JavaScript - Matthias Schäfer (HTML, EPUB)
- Single page apps in depth - Mixu (HTML)
- Software Design by Example: A Tool-Based Introduction with JavaScript - Greg Wilson (HTML)
- Some drops of JavaScript - Roberto Butti (HTML) (CC BY-NC-SA) ( :construction: in process)
- Speaking JavaScript - Axel Rauschmayer (HTML)
- Standard ECMA-262 ECMAScript 2016 Language Specification - Ecma International (HTML, PDF)
- The Code Challenge Book - Daniel Borowski (PDF)
- The JavaScript Beginner's Handbook - Flavio Copes (PDF, EPUB, Kindle) (email address requested)
- The JavaScript Way - Baptiste Pesquet (HTML)
- The Modern JavaScript Tutorial - Ilya Kantor (HTML)
- The Problem with Native JavaScript APIs - Nicholas C. Zakas (PDF, email address requested)
- Thinking in JavaScript - Aravind Shenoy (Kindle)
- Understanding ECMAScript 6 - Nicholas C. Zakas (HTML)
- Understanding JavaScript OOP - Quil (HTML)
- Understanding the DOM — Document Object Model - Tania Rascia (PDF, EPUB)
- You Don't Know JS - Kyle Simpson (HTML, PDF, EPUB, MOBI)
AngularJS
:information_source: (deprecated since 2022) see Angular
- Angular 1 Style Guide - John Papa (HTML)
- Angular Testing Succinctly - Joseph D. Booth (HTML)
- AngularJS - Step by Logical Step - Nicholas Johnson (HTML)
- AngularJS Guide (HTML)
- AngularJS Material Designing (HTML)
- AngularJS Notes for Professionals - Compiled from StackOverflow Documentation (PDF)
- AngularJS Style Guide for teams - Todd Motto (HTML)
- AngularJS Succinctly - Frederik Dietz (PDF, EPUB, Kindle) (email address requested, not required)
- AngularJS Tutorial (HTML)
- AngularJS vs EmberJs - Brendan Graetz (HTML)
- Seven-Part Introduction to AngularJS - Keving Ngo (HTML, :package: demos, open-sourced examples)
- Unit Testing Best Practices in AngularJS - Andy Shora (HTML)
Backbone.js
- A pragmatic guide to Backbone.js apps
- Backbonejs Tutorials
- Building Single Page Web Apps with Backbone.js ( :construction: in process)
- Developing Backbone.js Applications
- Getting Started with Backbone.js
- How to share Backbone.js models with node.js
Booty5.js
D3.js
- D3 Tips and Tricks - Malcolm Maclean (HTML)
- Dashing D3.js Tutorial
- Interactive Data Visualization with D3
Dojo
- Dojo: The Definitive Guide - Matthew A. Russell
Electron
- Electron Succinctly, Syncfusion (PDF, Kindle) (email address requested, not required)
Elm
- An Introduction to Elm (HTML)
- Beginning Elm - Pawan Poudel (HTML)
- Building a Live-Validating Signup Form in Elm
- Elm Accelerated - James Porter
- Elm Programming Language (HTML)
- Elm Tutorial
- Learn You an Elm (HTML)
- The Elm Architecture
Ember.js
- AngularJs vs EmberJs - Brendan Graetz (HTML)
- Ember App with RailsApi
- Ember.js - Getting started
- Vic Ramon's Ember Tutorial
- yoember.com
Express.js
- Express.js Guide - Azat Mardanov ( :card_file_box: archived)
- The Express.js Handbook - Flavio Copes (PDF, EPUB, Kindle) (email address requested)
Fastify
Hydrogen
- Build a Hydrogen storefront (HTML)
Ionic
- Ionic 4 Succinctly - Ed Freitas
jQuery
- JavaScript Fundamentals, Plus a Dash Of JQuery - for dinner ladies
- jQuery Notes for Professionals - Compiled from StackOverflow Documentation (PDF)
- jQuery Novice to Ninja (PDF)
- jQuery Succinctly, Syncfusion (PDF, Kindle) (email address requested, not required)
Meteor
- Your First Meteor Application, A Complete Beginner’s Guide to the Meteor JavaScript Framework (HTML) ( :card_file_box: archived)
Next.js
- Learn Next.js - Vercel Inc.
- Mastering Next.js
- Next.js 13 Crash Course 2023: Learn App Directory, React Server Components & More - Brad Traversy (Traversy Media)
- Next.js for Beginners - Full Course - freeCodeCamp.org
- The Next.js Handbook - Flavio Copes (PDF)
- The Next.js Handbook - Flavio Copes (PDF, EPUB, Kindle) (email address requested)
Node.js
- An Introduction to libuv - Nikhil Marathe (PDF - ePub)
- Essential Node.js - Krzysztof Kowalczyk, StackOverflow Contributors
- From Containers to Kubernetes with Node.js - Kathleen Juell (PDF, EPUB)
- Full Stack JavaScript: Learn Backbone.js, Node.js and MongoDB - Azat Mardan
- How To Code in Node.js - eBook - David Landup, Marcus Sanatan @ Stack Abuse, Digital Ocean (PDF, EPUB)
- Introduction to Node.js (HTML)
- Mastering Node - visionmedia (PDF)
- Mixu's Node Book
- Node Documentation (PDF)
- Node: Up and Running - Tom Hughes-Croucher
- Node.js Best Practices - Yoni Goldberg, et al.
- Node.js Notes for Professionals - Compiled from StackOverflow Documentation (PDF)
- Node.js Succinctly, Syncfusion (PDF, Kindle) (email address requested, not required)
- Practical Node.js: Building Real-World Scalable Web Apps - Azat Mardan
- Serverless framework getting started
- Shell scripting with Node.js - Axel Rauschmayer (HTML)
- The Node Beginner Book
- The Node.js Handbook - Flavio Copes (PDF, EPUB, Kindle) (email address requested)
Nuxt.js
- Nuxt.js Succinctly - Ed Freitas
Om
React
- 30 days of React: An introduction to React in 30 bite-size morsels - Ari Lerner (PDF)
- Airbnb React/JSX Style Guide - Airbnb
- Essential React - Krzysztof Kowalczyk, StackOverflow Contributors
- Hacking with React
- Hands on React - Craig Mckeachie
- How To Code in React.js - Joe Morgan
- Intro to the React Framework
- Learning React.js: Getting Started and Concepts
- Quick Start
- React-Bits
- React Book, your beginner guide to React - Chris Noring
- React Enlightenment - Cody Lindley (HTML)
- React In-depth: An exploration of UI development
- React in Depth: From Hooks to Source Code - YiteAI
- React in patterns - Krasimir Tsonev
- React JS Notes for Professionals - Compiled from StackOverflow Documentation (PDF)
- React Primer Draft
- React Succinctly - Samer Buna
- React Tutorial by Josh Finnie
- React Tutorial - Part 1 - Josh Finnie
- React Tutorial - Part 2 - Josh Finnie
- React Tutorial - Part 3 - Josh Finnie
- React with ASP.NET Core Tutorial
- React.js Tutorial: Now is Your Time to Try It, Right in Your Browser
- Redux Tutorial - Tutorials Point (HTML, PDF)
- SurviveJS - Webpack and React
- The React Beginner's Handbook - Flavio Copes (PDF, EPUB, Kindle) (email address requested)
React Native
- Essential React Native - Krzysztof Kowalczyk, StackOverflow Contributors (CC BY-SA)
- React Native Animation Book
- React Native Express
- React Native Notes for Professionals - Compiled from StackOverflow documentation (PDF) (CC BY-SA)
- React Native Training
- The Ultimate Guide to React Native Optimization (PDF) (email requested, not required)
Redux
- Full-Stack Redux Tutorial
- SoundCloud Application in React + Redux
- The Complete Redux Book - Boris Dinkevich, Ilya Gelman (HTML)
Svelte
- Beginner SvelteKit - Steph Dietz
- Getting started with Svelte - MDN Web Docs (CC BY-SA)
- Svelte Tutorial - Svelte.dev
- The Svelte Handbook - Flavio Copes (PDF, EPUB, Kindle) (email address requested)
- The Svelte Handbook - Flavio Copes (HTML)
Vue.js
- 30 Days Of Vue - Hassan Djirdeh (HTML; email required for PDF)
- Deep Vue 3: From History to Engine Internals - YiteAI
- Learning Vue.js - Compiled from StackOverflow Documentation (PDF) (CC BY-SA)
- The Vue.js Handbook - Flavio Copes (PDF, EPUB, Kindle) (email address requested)
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Latest data update: 2026-08-04