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The J programming language, developed in the early 1990s by Kenneth E. Iverson and Roger Hui, is an array programming language based primarily on APL. Wikipedia
Created Year: 1990Designed by: Kenneth E. Iverson
Developed by: Kenneth E. Iverson • Roger Hui
Aliases: J Language, J Programming Language
File extensions: ijs
Wikidata: Q383994
Influenced: BQN
Programming paradigms: array programming • function-level programming • functional programming • multi-paradigm programming • object-oriented programming • tacit programming
Language types: array programming language • dynamic programming language • function-level language • functional programming language • interpreted language • multi-paradigm programming language • object-based language • tacit programming language
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J Influence Network
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Hello World in J
#!/opt/local/bin/jc
echo 'Hello World'
exit ''
Free J books, articles, documentation
- Arithmetic - Kenneth E. Iverson (PDF)
- Brief Reference - Chris Burke and Clifford Reiter (PDF)
- Calculus - Kenneth E. Iverson (PDF)
- Computers and Mathematical Notation - Kenneth E. Iverson
- Concrete Math Companion - Kenneth E. Iverson (PDF)
- Easy J - Linda Alvord, Norman Thomson (PDF) (Word DOC)
- Exploring Math - Kenneth E. Iverson (PDF)
- J for C Programmers - Henry Rich
- J Primer
- Learning J - Roger Stokes (online)
- Math for the Layman - Kenneth E. Iverson (zipped HTML+images)
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Latest data update: 2025-09-03