APL
APL is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson. Its central datatype is the multidimensional array. It uses a large range of special graphic symbols to represent most functions and operators, leading to very concise code. It has been an important influence on the development of concept modeling, spreadsheets, functional programming, and computer math packages. It has also inspired several other programming languages. Wikipedia
Created Year: 1966Designed by: Kenneth E. Iverson
Developed by: Kenneth E. Iverson • Lawrence M. Breed • Q37156
Aliases: APL language, A Programming Language, Array Processing Language, APL programming language, APL\360, APL (language), A programming language, APL programming language family, X3J10
Wikidata: Q296187
Influenced: BQN • DADiSP • Forth • Go • J • K (programming language) • Nial • Perl Data Language • Python • Raku • Wolfram Language
Programming paradigms: structured programming • modular programming • functional programming • array programming
Language types: interpreted language • structured programming language • multi-paradigm programming language • modular programming language • array programming language • functional programming language
APL Influence Network
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Hello World in APL
⎕←'Hello World'
Free APL books, articles, documentation
- A Programming Language - Kenneth E. Iverson (PDF)
- APL2 at a Glance - James A. Brown, Sandra Pakin, Raymond P. Polivka - 1988 (PDF)
- Introduction to College Mathematics with A Programming Language (1978) - E. J. LeCuyer (PDF)
- Learning APL - Stefan Kruger (HTML,PDF,IPYNB)
- Mastering Dyalog APL (PDF, HTML, IPYNB) ( :construction: in process)
- Reinforcement Learning From The Ground Up - Romilly Cocking (PDF, HTML, IPYNB) ( :construction: in process)
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Latest data update: 2025-09-26